When should an alcohol-based hand rub NOT be used?

An alcohol-based hand rub should not be used when hands are visibly soiled because it is ineffective at removing dirt, organic material, and certain types of germs that may be present. When hands are contaminated with debris or bodily fluids, the mechanical action of washing with soap and water is necessary to physically remove these substances. This ensures that hands are properly cleaned and reduces the risk of transferring pathogens to patients or surfaces.

In contrast, using an alcohol-based hand rub is appropriate in many clinical situations, such as when hands are dry, when caring for a patient, and before clean procedures, as long as there is no visible contamination.