How is tuberculosis primarily transmitted between individuals?

Tuberculosis (TB) is primarily transmitted through the respiratory route, which involves inhaling airborne particles that contain the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis. When a person with active TB coughs, sneezes, or talks, they release tiny droplets into the air. Others can inhale these droplets, which may lead to infection. This method of transmission highlights the importance of airborne precautions in healthcare settings and the need for proper ventilation to reduce the risk of spreading the disease.

The other transmission routes listed do not play a significant role in the spread of tuberculosis. Contaminated water and food can transmit other types of infections, but they are not associated with TB. Likewise, while touching infected surfaces can lead to the transmission of diseases caused by different pathogens, it is not a recognized method for the spread of tuberculosis. This understanding is crucial for implementing appropriate infection control measures and protecting both patients and healthcare providers from TB.